JHAPA

Damak is a small municipality town in Jhapa district. It is located at the either side of the East-west Highway. Inhabited mostly by the peoples of indo-Aryan and Burman origin, Damak serves as the major trade center in the district. People from the northern mountain district come here to sell their goods such as seasonal fruits, herbs, hand woven woolen carpets etc in the weekly bazaar on Wednesdays. Some very interesting places with the attraction of culture and sightseeing in inner Jhapa and Morang can also be approached conveniently from Damak. Damak itself is situated in a beautiful setting. Tea gardens here are worth seeing too.

Bhadrapur, once inhabited by the indigenous tribes as Rajbanshi, Satar, Santhal, Dhimal and Meche, the place has now people of almost all the races and casts of Nepal. Thus the place offers a good opportunity for a cultural tour.

Birtamod is a fast growing township on the cross roads of East-West highway and Bharapur-Taplejung road situated 16 km west of Kakarbhitta, the only entry point in Eastern Nepal. The bus journey to Ilam, Phidim and Taplejung begins from here; buses are available only until 2 pm at an interval of two hours.

PATHIBHARA

Pathibhara Devi shrine (3,794 m) is a popular pilgrimage destination. The animist deity at Pathibhara is worshipped with equal reverence by both Hindus and Buddhists. Hindus throng the temple during special celebration, while Buddhists living is the vicinity light lamps at the temple on full moon nights.

The Goddess at Pathibhara is believed t fulfill the long cherished dreams of her devotees, like sons for those without sons, and wealth for the poor. The story of the temple goes back to the time when hundreds of sheep were said to have disappeared from the place where the temple stands today. Legend has it that when the shepherds prayed to get their sheep back, they had a vision of the Devi herself who asked them to sacrifice a few of the sheep to get back their lost ones. It is said that when they did as they were asked by the Devi, the lost sheep were found, and from thence started the worship of Pathibhara Devi.

A WONDERFUL DESTINATION TAPLEJUNG

Phungling is the headquarter of Taplejung district at a distance of 830 kilometers from Kathmandu. The Tamor River flows through the district and the area is famous for its proximity to Kanchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the worlds. Taplejung has an airstrip with commercial flights to Biratnagar and Kathmandu. A road has connected the district headquarters with the Terai plains. The name Taplejung is derived from the words "taple" and "jung", Taple was the medieval Limbu King who used to rule the area and "jung" in Limbu language meaning fort. Literally, Taplejung means fort of the King Taple. Most of the populations are involved in agriculture, and the vegetation zones range from sub-tropical, to temperate forests, alpine meadows and snow and ice.

CULTUERAL TOURISM

It is related to the tours to the culturally rich cities. the tours are organised to provide knowledge if the culture forms of behaviours shared by a society, which are practised from generation to generation. This type of tourism is mostly concentrated in the city areas, participated by elderly people in most comfortable manner. City tours like a tour to Bhaktapur, Patan, Pashupatinath, Baudhanath, Jaipur, Varanasi are some of the examples of cultural tourism.

MASS TOURISM

Mass tourism is the most recent phenomenon of modern tourism. The concept of mass tourism emerged along with the introduction of paid holidays. Instead of paid holidays. Instead of selective or elite tourist it focuses on the more number of tourists. Change in transport technology by air as well as by land and sea reduced the costs which helped more people to afford to travel. The mass participation again decreased the travelling cost. Now travel agencies have been able to sell package tours because of vicious circle of falling real cost. The growth of hotel chain, car rental system also helped the mass tourism. The most remarkable concept is the globalization of tourism industry. More and more countries and their travel agencies are inter-linked and are increasing the tourist movements

DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

Domestic tourism focuses on the tourism within the country. It does not require visa formalities, and does not involve border formalities. It generates local currency and no foreign income. On the other hand, international tourism is concerned with foreign national and it generates foreign currency, which is the need of the developing countries. It involves visa rules, border formalities and is more complicated then the domestic tourism.

VILLAGE AND URBAN TOURISM

In village tourism all the activities are concerned with villages. A village is selected as a model village. A few guest rooms and kitchen are developed without disturbing the village environment. Villages continue their daily normal works and guest enjoy participating in the village activities.

Urban tourism is concerned with the city areas. Big hotels and restaurants are developed to cater to the needs of the luxury tourists. Mostly business people participate in this type of tourism. Tourisms in Hong Kong, Singapore, etc are the examples of urban tourism.

RECEPTIVE (IN-BOUND) AND PASSIVE (OUT BOUND) TOURISM

Receptive tourism is concerned with the reception of the tourists. It focuses on providing services. Nepal tourism has receptive character with foreign nations, as we receive tourists from them. Out-bound tourism is to sell the tours outside the country. As foreign nations sell the tours to Nepal and Nepal is selling tours to Tibet, which is known as out-bound tour.

NATURE OF TOURISM

Tourism is a service industry having certain peculiar character because tangible goods are produced but service is performed. Tourism being a service concept it is non-material. It may be defend that mountains, rivers are visible, a hotel and its beds can be seen, an airplane is flying above us, a tourist is trekking, etc. It is the combination of economic (measurable) and non-economic. Visitor arrivals, air space, rail tickets, hotel beds, etc. can be measured but pleasure, leisure, comfort, relaxation, recreation they acquired cannot be measured. Foreign tourists are measurable but domestic tourists and economy they generate are difficult to measure. It is made of several industries. Each of the components of tourism is highly specialized and together make the final tourism. Tourism is not airlines, a hotel and hotel industry, or a visit to the historical sites but rather an amalgam of many industries, which together makes tourism industry.

Tourism product does not move to the customer but the customer needs to move to the product. The demand of the tourism product is very unstable and susceptible to external forces. As tourists are outsiders any event at their origin, on the way or the destination will affect their desire to travel. It has unlimited possibilities as it is related with idea. Every citizen of a country is directly or indirectly related with tourism. Their response and behaviour towards tourist reflects the image of the country. Tourism has a special character of 'Parasite'. Its survival or prosperity is based on other's economy, rules and regulation, political situation, etc.

WONDERLUST AND SUNLUST

wanderlust and sunlust both are the factors of motivation that create the desire in people to travel. wanderlust is described as the desire to exchange the known for the unknown. People's motive to travel is to go from familiar environment to unfamiliar, to leave things, places to go and see different places, people and cultures or architecture of the past. This also involves seeing current fashions, music, attending seminars, etc. Their leading force to travel is curiosity. This type of tour is related to cultural tour and is of the short term.

Sunlust lovers are the adventure travellers. Their activities are conducted out-door. They are mostly young tourists who prefer to take part in sport, trekking, rafting, mountaineering, etc. Most popularly they are the people who enjoy sea beaches and spas. The duration of their travel is of long term compared to wanderlust tourists.

WHY PEOPLE TRAVEL

Travelling is a human instinct. That is why they have been travelling time and again since their nomadic life to the present time. Hence, their motive of travel and motivational factor were different. The Industrial Revolution led to development of trade and commerce. So the main factor for travel at that time was trade and commerce. The industrial development led to urbanisation, changed the working environment, increased their income and living standard. And they realized the need for leisure and pleasure. To feel the need of change from the routine work, their income made it possible to travel.

Every individual has his own motive to travel. There are different factors that create the desire to travel and make them tourists. Different factors motivate them to travel from one place to another place. The prime motivation to engage in traveling is to be elsewhere and escape, however, temporarily from the chores of life. There are two distinct factors of motivation that create the desire in people to travel. They are: wanderlust and sunlust.

AN INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM

Tourism is related to travelling and travelling is naturally a human character. Man needs changes and travel provides the changes. The great American writer Mark Twain has aptly said that even heaven can be boring after a while. Travel has had a fascination for man. He has been travelling throughout the ages. During that time travel was there but 'tourism' was not there. Because travel was not undertaken for the purpose of pleasure at that time and their motive was not to seed holiday from the routine work. The primary motive of their travel was trade and commerce or pilgrimage or to explore. The basic concept of tourism 'pleasure at leisure' was not there. When people learned to travel for pleasure, the concept of tourism started. Learning to differentiate between work and leisure creates tourism. So tourism is related to the movement of people from one place to another in leisure time for the purpose of getting pleasure.

The word 'Tourism' did not appear in English language until the early ninteenth century. The word was derived from French language 'tourisme'. The literal meaning is 'the practice of touring and travelling'. It is a new concept and its significance was fully realized recently. Tourism is the most recent and significant phenomena of modern times.